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TITLE II
PROVISIONS ON DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES
Article 9
In all its activities, the Union shall observe the principle of the equality
of its citizens, who shall receive equal attention from its institutions,
bodies, offices and agencies. Every national of a Member State shall be
a citizen of the Union. Citizenship of the Union shall be additional to
national citizenship and shall not replace it.
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Article 10
1. The functioning of the Union shall be founded on representative democracy.
2. Citizens are directly represented at Union level in the European Parliament.
Member States are represented in the European Council by their Heads of
State or Government and in the Council by their governments, themselves
democratically accountable either to their national Parliaments, or to
their citizens.
3. Every citizen shall have the right to participate in the democratic
life of the Union. Decisions shall be taken as openly and as closely as
possible to the citizen.
4. Political parties at European level contribute to forming European political
awareness and to expressing the will of citizens of the Union.
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Article 11
1. The institutions shall, by appropriate means, give citizens and representative
associations the opportunity to make known and publicly exchange their
views in all areas of Union action.
2. The institutions shall maintain an open, transparent and regular dialogue
with representative associations and civil society.
3. The European Commission shall carry out broad consultations with parties
concerned in order to ensure that the Union's actions are coherent and
transparent.
4. Not less than one million citizens who are nationals of a significant
number of Member States may take the initiative of inviting the European
Commission, within the framework of its powers, to submit any appropriate
proposal on matters where citizens consider that a legal act of the Union
is required for the purpose of implementing the Treaties.
The procedures and conditions required for such a citizens' initiative shall be determined in
accordance with the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European
Union.
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Article 12
National Parliaments contribute actively to the good functioning of the Union:
(a) |
through being informed by the institutions of the Union and having draft
legislative acts of the Union forwarded to them in accordance with the
Protocol on the role of national Parliaments in the European Union;
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(b) |
by seeing to it that the principle of subsidiarity is respected in accordance with the procedures
provided for in the Protocol on the application of the principles of subsidiarity
and proportionality;
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(c) |
by taking part, within the framework of the area of freedom, security and
justice, in the evaluation mechanisms for the implementation of the Union
policies in that area, in accordance with Article 70 of the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union, and through being involved in the political
monitoring of Europol and the evaluation of Eurojust's activities in accordance
with Articles 88 and 85 of that Treaty;
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(d) |
by taking part in the revision procedures of the Treaties, in accordance
with Article 48 of this Treaty;
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(e) |
by being notified of applications for accession to the Union, in accordance
with Article 49 of this Treaty;
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(f) |
by taking part in the inter-parliamentary cooperation between national
Parliaments and with the European Parliament, in accordance with the Protocol
on the role of national Parliaments in the European Union. |
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